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What Name Derives From Born Again

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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, encounter Born Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Built-in once again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, peculiarly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human being spirit. In contrast to one's concrete birth, being "born over again" is distinctly and separately acquired past baptism in the Holy Spirit, information technology is not caused by baptism in water. It is a cadre doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be born again earlier you can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines too mandate that to be both "born over again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [ii] [three] [four] [five] [6]

In gimmicky Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "built-in again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") frequently state that they have a "personal human relationship with Jesus Christ".[vii] [five] [half-dozen]

In addition to using this phrase with those who do not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians apply the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the conventionalities that non-Evangelical Christians, fifty-fifty those Christians who are professed Christians, are non "born again" and practice not accept a "personal human relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should evangelize to not-Evangelical Christians in the same way that they would deliver to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in again" is also used every bit an adjective to describe individual members of the motion who espouse this belief, and it is likewise used every bit an adjective to describe the movement itself ("born-again Christian" and the "born-again movement").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an event in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were non understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no 1 tin run across the kingdom of God unless they are built-in once more." "How can someone exist born when they are old?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother'south womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell yous, no ane tin can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of h2o and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John affiliate 3, verses 3–5, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The word translated equally again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could hateful either "again", or "from higher up".[9] The double entendre is a figure of speech communication that the gospel writer uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes only the literal significant from Jesus'south statement, while Jesus clarifies that he ways more of a spiritual rebirth from higher up. English translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version employ "born once again", while the New Revised Standard Version[ten] and the New English Translation[xi] adopt the "born from above" translation.[12] Well-nigh versions will note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "built-in from to a higher place" is to be preferred as the fundamental significant and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[xiii] "birth from God",[14] but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life as given by God himself.[15]

The terminal employ of the phrase occurs in the Showtime Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye accept purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned beloved of the brethren, [see that ye] honey one some other with a pure heart fervently: / Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[xvi]

Here, the Greek word translated as "built-in again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of conservancy is interpreted equally being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must accept ii births—natural birth of the concrete body and another of the water and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this agreement in 1 Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the primitive church building over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. It is [the Apostle Paul's] education in i instance that all who are Christ'southward past faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is non beingness fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[twenty]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective change wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new birth, resurrection, new life, new cosmos, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to calorie-free.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" being a more than accurate translation of the original Greek give-and-take transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites ii reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the give-and-take "again" does non include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More than personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early example of the term in its more modernistic use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none tin exist holy unless he be built-in again", and "except he be born again, none tin be happy fifty-fifty in this world. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." Also, "I say, [a man] may be born once again and so become an heir of conservancy." Wesley besides states infants who are baptized are built-in once more, just for adults it is different:

our church building supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born once more. ... Merely ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same time born again.[24]

A Unitarian work called The Gospel Ballast noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by any of the Evangelists only John of sufficient importance to tape." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for one to be born once again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to use to Nicodemus particularly, and non to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to define how closely the stories of Jesus lucifer the historical events they are based on, by and large care for Jesus's conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attending, making it unclear how a record of this chat was acquired. In addition, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger event is that the same trouble English language translations of the Bible take with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language likewise: in that location is no single word in Aramaic that means both "once again" and "from to a higher place", yet the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the chat was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, at that place is no reason to think that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real chat, the writer of John heavily modified information technology to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on 3 occasions ... 'Would you say you take been 'built-in over again' or accept had a 'built-in-again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to answer similarly, with almost two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only well-nigh one third of mainline Protestants and ane sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-over again experience." However, the handbook suggests that "built-in-again questions are poor measures fifty-fifty for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who study a born-again experience also claim it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John 3 was consistently interpreted by the early church fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Mod Catholic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born over again'[30] is antiseptic equally 'being born of water and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the starting time of this new life, are said to come about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded equally taking place through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "announcement of the Give-and-take, credence of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of religion, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bail of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual marking (graphic symbol) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from begetting the fruits of salvation. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the motility of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church likewise teaches that nether special circumstances the need for h2o baptism can exist superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens dice or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae most "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the religion and still without whatever explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[xl] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'yes' to Jesus Christ, merely permit us remember that this 'yes' has ii levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, but it also means, at a later stage, endeavoring to know better—and ameliorate the profound meaning of this give-and-take."[41]

The modern expression being "born again" is actually about the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United states Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion equally, "the acceptance of a personal human relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to adjust one's life to his."[42] To put it more just "Conversion to Christ involves making a 18-carat commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him equally his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our mod world chosen the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who have never made a personal delivery to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular civilisation, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military machine Society of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-again experience is non just an emotional, mystical high; the actually important affair is what happened in the catechumen'south life afterward the moment or menstruum of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church building holds that "we are apple-pie of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new homo come forth and ascend who walks earlier God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church building holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a blithesome feel, in which the individual "accepts Christ as Lord" afterward which religion "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a man because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could attempt to live in his image and daily become more like Jesus."[46] As such, "middle religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, particularly missionary work, to spread the organized religion.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born once more is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in commodity XV, entitled "Of Christ lonely without Sin". In part, it reads: "sin, every bit S. John saith, was not in Him. Merely all we the rest, although baptized and born again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say we take no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born once again in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:3.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one'due south regeneration, which is of comfort to the believer.[50] The time of one'due south regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[l]

According to the Reformed churches being born once more refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual telephone call". According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary ways whereby Christ communicateth to the states the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the discussion, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are fabricated effectual to the elect for conservancy."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'southward Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable u.s.a. to cover Jesus Christ, freely offered to usa in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole crusade of regeneration or beingness born again is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in consequence of that do we act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will practice. Regeneration is a change wrought in u.s.a. by God, not an democratic act performed by us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial conservancy (Tit. 3:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. v:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, 16)."[three] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], there is a "transformation in the center of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (Two Cor. 5:17; Col. 1:27)."[3]

Following the New Birth, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for conservancy because it marks the motility toward holiness. That comes with religion."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that great alter which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [one] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the beginning piece of work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nascence."[threescore] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must exist born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this piece of work in and for you. Admit Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and 1000 shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, 2 dissever and distinct acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalty of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought by faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans v:i). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of human, from the love and life of sin to the honey of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:17; 1 Peter i:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is born over again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who have been born once more, according to Baptist teaching, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost past Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Die Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new nascence (starting time work of grace), unabridged sanctification (2nd work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced past glossolalia, as the tertiary work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that individuals do not have the power to choose to exist built-in again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] But those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born once more.[68] [69]

The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for anybody to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born over again" is used by several Christian denominations, only there are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be built-in-once again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should ask [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you built-in again—the style the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has non been properly water baptized, he has not been born again "the Bible fashion," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he likewise is "born once more." ... However, what the committed Catholic ways is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either equally an infant or when as an adult he converted to Catholicism. That's not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must exist born again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have dissimilar meanings for Catholics has go an effective tool in Rome'south ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at least two ways.

Commencement, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any time in a person'southward life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic outcome of baptism. Second, it is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are built-in again only subsequently they exercise saving faith). Past contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and will to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we can do nil on our own to obtain it. God solitary raises the elect from spiritual expiry to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the spirit. This remains the common agreement in most of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, one-time later on the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to i's ain personal religion in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is, historically, also an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [80] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the volition, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for agreement, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the order of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of beloved of neighbour. ... each person afflicted perceives his life in Christ at whatever given time as "newness of life."[82]

Co-ordinate to J. Gordon Melton:

Born over again is a phrase used past many Protestants to depict the miracle of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they have been taught every bit Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the division between Catholic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human being choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election past grace lonely.[84]

The term born again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the Us and and so around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born once again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born over again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born once again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Born Once again gained international notice. Time magazine named him "One of the 25 well-nigh influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent then that during the twelvemonth's presidential campaign, Autonomous party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "born over again" in the showtime Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant role in solidifying the "born once more" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to take a "personal run across with God." He recalls:

while I sat alone staring at the sea I love, words I had non been certain I could understand or say savage from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I have You. Please come up into my life. I commit it to Yous." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: strength and tranquility, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the earth effectually me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the The states to publicly declare that he was built-in-again, in 1976.[87] Past the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] land that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'born-over again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were built-in-once more or evangelical; the 2004 per centum is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks maxim they are born-over again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-once again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[ninety]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower support for government anti-poverty programs." Information technology likewise notes that "cocky-reported born-once more" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired by the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born again".[93]

Encounter also [edit]

  • Altar call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-once more virgin – Person who commits to abstinence later on having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Human activity of induction of children
  • Jesus movement – Former evangelical Christian motion
  • Dvija – Twice-born condition of Hindu male later Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner'south prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Organized religion. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved 10 April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation considering it marks the motion toward holiness. That comes with organized religion.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the Full general History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. 50. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Faith and Do of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William W. (1965). Civilization and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Organized religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-iii-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Printing. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of existence "born again," emphasizing a primal "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it's non only a thing of going to Christ or being baptized when you are an infant. Nosotros believe that people demand to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The demand to exist born over again. ...Yous must exist built-in again before you lot tin can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Sky."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a built-in again believer is a personal feel of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert M. (1993). Across Born Over again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved xxx July 2011. I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John iii:3-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English language Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically come across the first (from above) and fourth (again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 Net
  11. ^ Jn 3:three Internet
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:five
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, 3:9, iv:7, 5:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.Due north.(ed), The Quaternary Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter ane:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-8.
  19. ^ 1Peter 1:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Hope (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[one]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Book III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved xi September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. thirty July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Adult female in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-half-dozen
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved xi September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Attestation IVa, John ane-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John three:3
  31. ^ John 3:v
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John 1-four, The International Disquisitional Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter i:4
  35. ^ Ephesians 4:25
  36. ^ CCC 1262-1274
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  38. ^ CCC 1989
  39. ^ CCC 1260
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  92. ^ Oxford Lexicon of First Names
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascence, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley'southward teaching on being born once more, and argument that it is fundamental to Christianity.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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